???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????￡???β????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????D?DUML????????????Unified Modeling Language????

?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????á????????????????????????????仰??"????????????????????????????????"

???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????ο??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????Щ???????feature????????????????￡??????"????"?????????ò??????????

???????????????????????????????????Program Oriented????????Customer Oriented??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????Щ??????Program Oriented??????????????????????

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1. UML
UML????????????Unified Modeling Language????????????????????????????????????????????????????OMG??Object Management Group??????????????

UML??????????????????????д???????????UML??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

2. UML???
??????????????????????70????????1989??1994?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????б???????????????????????????????????Grady Booch??James Rumbaugh??Ivar Jacobson?????"The Three Amigos"?????????????????Booch 1993??OOSE??OMT-2??

Booch???????????????????????????????????????????????Booch 1993???????????????????Rumbaugh?????????????????????OMT????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? OMT-2?????????????????????????????????????Jacobson??1994???????OOSE????????????????????????Use-Case????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????OOSE??????????????????????????

???′??????????Grady Booch??James Rumbaugh??Ivar Jacobson???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????1994??10?￡?Grady Booch??Jim Rumbaugh???????????????????????????Booch9 3??OMT-2 ????????????1995??10?·??????????????汾????????????UM 0.8??Un ified Method????1995????OOSE ??????Ivar Jacobson??????????????????Booch??Rumbaugh??Jacobson??????????????1996??6?o?10?·???????????μ?汾????UML 0.9??UML 0.91??????UM?????????UML??Unified Modeling Language????1996???Щ??????UML???????????????????????UML??????????????????????淴??????????????UML???Э????????????????UML????幤?????????????DEC??HP??I-Logix?? Itellicorp?? IBM??ICON Computing??MCI Systemhouse??Microsoft??Oracle??Rational Software??TI???Unisys???????????UML 1.0??1997??1?￡???UML 1.1??1997??11??17??????????????????????????á?

UML????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????UML????????????????????????????????????λ????????????????UML??????????α????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????UML?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????UML???????"??????"??

3. UML????
UML??????????UML???壨Semantics????UML???????Notation???????????UML???嶨???????Structural???????????Behavioral????????????????????????????????????????????Classes????????Interfaces?????????Attributes????????Relations????????????????????????????????????????????????????Methods??????????Interactions????Э????Collaborations????????State Histories??????????????UML?UML??????????????????嶨?塣UML?????????????????????????????????Class Diagram???????????Use Case Diagram??????????Sequence Diagram????Э?????Collaboration Diagram?????????State Diagram?????????Activity Diagram???????????Deployment Diagram??????????????????????????UML??????????????????UML????????????????UML???????????ο???UML1.3????頃??

4. ???????????
???????Use Case Diagram????UML?м???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????α?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????У???????У?????У????????С????????????????????????????????????????UML?????????????м?????????UML??????????????????????????п???????????

Use case diagrams show actors and use cases together with their relationships.??OMG-UML V1.3??

?????????????????????????????????

A use case is a kind of classifier representing a coherent unit of functionality provided by a system?? a subsystem?? or a class as manifested by sequences of messages exchanged among the system and one or more outside interactors (called actors) together with actions performed by the system. ??OMG-UML V1.3??

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?е???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????Goal???????????????????????ν????????磬???????????????????????????????λ???????????????

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5. ???????????????????
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