????5.???????NET??  
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????Э???????????????????Э?鲿???????????????????紫??Э?顣?????????TCP/IP  Э???? Internet  ????Э?飬??????????????????
????Linux  ???????????? BSD ??????????????TCP/IPЭ?顣Linux???????粿????BSD??????????Э?????????豸??????????ɡ??????豸????????????????豸????????????????豸??????????豸????????
????2 . Linux Shell
????shell????????????棬??????????????н???????????????????????????????????????????????У?????????????????????shell???????????????????????????????????????д??shell????????????ó???????????Ч????
??????????????а汾??shell??
????1??Bourne Shell??????????????????
????2??BASH????GNU??Bourne Again Shell????GNU????????????shell??????linux???????????????????shell??
????3??Korn Shell?????Bourne SHell???????????????????Bourne Shell?????
????4??C Shell????SUN???Shell??BSD?汾??
????3 . linux ?????
???????????????????????洢?豸????????????Linux???????????????е??????????EXT2?? EXT3?? FAT?? FAT32?? VFAT??ISO9660??
????3.1 ???????
????Linux????????????????У?
????1) ????????C?????????SHELL??????????????????????????????????????
????2) ????????????洢?????????
????3) ???????????????????????????????
????4) ?豸???????????????????????/dev???檔??????豸??????豸??
????5?????(FIFO)??? :  ????????????????
????6???????(socket) ????? ???????????????????й?
???????????ls –l?? file?? stat??????????????????????????????
????3.2  Linux??
???????????????????????????豸?????????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????Ч???????
????Linux???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????ú????е?????????
????????????????????С????????ЩС??????????????????????????????????????????????????????仯??????????????????????У????????????????????????????????? root??/usr??/var??/home  ????2?? ????????????????? Linux ???????乲??????????Щ?????

?????2
????Linux????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
????????DOS??windows???????????????????DOS?? windows????????????????????????????????м????????м????????????????????????е???????????????????????????磺C??D??E??F???
??????????linux?У?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????е??
????3.3 Linux???????
???????????????????????????????????
????linux?????????windows??????????????Linux???????豸.
??????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????(Primary Partion)?????????(Extension Partion)???????????????????????????????????????
??????????(Primary Partion)??????????????????????????
???????????(Extension Partion)??????????з??????????????????????????ж??η?????
?????????????(Logical Partion)?????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????“????”?????????????????????????????????洢??
????????Linux????????????
????????????????????/dev/hd[a-z]X????/dev/sd[a-z]X???????????[a-z]?????????X????????????????
????????????????????:Linux????hda??hdb??sda??sdb ???????????????;
???????У?
????IDE???????????/dev/hda1??/dev/hdb …??
????SCSI ????????SATA??????????/dev/sda??/dev/sdb … … ??
??????????????????X?????1??4????????????????????????????????????????????5??????????/dev/hda5???????????????
???????磺
??????hda1??hda2?? hda5??hda6 ??????????????????У????a ????????????b???????????????????????????1 ?????????????????????2 ???????????????????????1 ??4 ?????????????(Primary Partition)?????????(Extension Partition)????5????????????????????????(Logical Partition)???????????????????????????????????5??????????????????
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
????????/dev/hda ??????????????????????????????Linux???fdisk -l ????鵽?????/dev/hda????/dev/hdb??
????[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l
????Disk /dev/hda: 80.0 GB?? 80026361856 bytes
????255 heads?? 63 sectors/track?? 9729 cylinders
????Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
????Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
????/dev/hda1 * 1 970 7791493+ 7 HPFS/NTFS
????/dev/hda2 971 9729 70356667+ 5 Extended
????/dev/hda5 971 2915 15623181 b W95 FAT32
????/dev/hda6 2916 4131 9767488+ 83 linux
????/dev/hda7 4132 5590 11719386 83 linux
????/dev/hda8 5591 6806 9767488+ 83 linux
????/dev/hda9 6807 9657 22900626 83 linux
????/dev/hda10 9658 9729 578308+ 82 linux swap / Solaris
????????????У? Disk /dev/hda: 80.0 GB?? 80026361856 bytes ?????????????????????????豸/dev/hda ???????С? 80.0G????????????????????????????????????????????????????
????Linux?′?????????????????￡?
????– ?κ??????????????????????????
????– ?????????????????????????????????
????– ????Linux???????????????????е??????????????????ж?д??????
????– ??????????Linux???????????????????????????????????????
????3.4 linux?????????á?
????/bin ??????????????
????/dev ?豸???????
????/etc ??????????????
????/etc/rc.d ????????????????
????/home ???????????????????user????????/home/user????????~user???
????/lib ?????????????ж??????????????????windows???.dll???
????/sbin ????????????????????????????????????
????/tmp ????????????洢??
????/root ???????????????????????????
????/mnt ????????????????????????????????????
????/lost+found ?????????????????????????????“?????”???????windows?????.chk????????
????/proc ?????????????????????????????????????????????
????/var ?Щ????????????????????????????????
????/usr ????????????????ó?????????????????????????а?????
????/usr/X11R6 ???X window????
????/usr/bin ??????ó???
????/usr/sbin ??????????Щ???????
????/usr/doc linux???
????/usr/include linux????????????ó??????????????
????/usr/lib ???????????????????????????
????/usr/man ???????
????/usr/src ?????linux????????????/usr/src/linux??
????/usr/local/bin ?????????????
????/usr/local/lib ??????????
????3.5  linux?????
????????????????????????linux??????????????????????????????????????ν???linux????Щ??????????????????????????????????γ???????????????ν??????????????????????????????????????????в????????????????
????1.??????????
????ext2 ?? ????linux?г?????????
????ext3 ?? ext2???????棬?????????
????RAMFS ?? ???????????????
????NFS ?? ?????????????SUN???????????????????????
????MS-DOS ?? MS-DOS?????
????VFAT ?? Windows 95/98 ????????????????
????FAT ?? Windows XP ????????????????
????NTFS?? Windows NT/XP ????????????????
????HPFS ?? OS/2 ????????????????
????PROC : ?????????????
????ISO9660 ?? ???????????????????
????ufsSun : OS ????????????
????NCPFS ?? Novell ??????????????????
????SMBFS ?? Samba ??????????
????XFS ?? ??SGI??????????????????????????????????
????JFS ??IBM??AIX????????????
????ReiserFS : ??????????????????
????udf: ???д??????????????